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CONTINGENT: Miorita Institute of Art &
Science COORDINATED BY: Prof. Elizabeth Paunescu, Director Romania, a republic on the lower Danube River in southeastern Europe, is bounded by the Black Sea on the east, Ukraine and Moldova on the northeast, Ukraine on the north, Hungary and Serbia on the west, and Bulgaria on the south. The name Romania came into being in 1862, following the 1859 unification of the principalities of MOLDAVIA and WALACHIA, then under Turkish suzerainty, and emphasizes Romania's Latin heritage as the Roman province of Dacia during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Romania won full independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. The monarchy, established in 1881, was ended in 1947 when the Communists came to power. Beginning in 1965 the Communist state was controlled by Nicolae CEAUSESCU. Ceausescu's 24-year rule was characterized by relative autonomy from the USSR, orthodox socialist social and economic policies, and an increasingly intensive reliance on Stalinist methods of coercion coupled with a ludicrous personality cult. In December 1989, Ceausescu was overthrown and executed in a violent revolution that brought Ion Iliescu and the Democratic National Salvation Front to power. |
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ROMANIA